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<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>Full Stack Python</title>

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</a>

<span class="logo-title"><a href="/">Full Stack Python</a></span>

</div>

<h1>Operating Systems</h1>

<p>An operating system runs on the server or virtual server and controls access

to computing resources. The only recommended operating system for

production Python web stack deployments is Linux. There are several

Linux distributions commonly used for running production servers. Ubuntu

Long Term Support (LTS) releases, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, and CentOS are

all viable options.</p>

<p><em>Side note</em>: Mac OS X is fine for development activities. Windows and Mac

OS X are not appropriate for most test and production deployments unless

there is a specific reason why you must use them in lieu of Linux.</p>

<h2>Ubuntu</h2>

<p>Ubuntu is a Linux distribution packaged by the

<a class="reference external" href="http://www.canonical.com/">Canonical Ltd</a> company. Ubuntu uses the

Debian distribution as a base for packages, including the <a class="reference external" href="http://wiki.debian.org/Apt">aptitude package

manager</a>. For desktop versions of Ubuntu,

GNOME (until the 11.04 release) or Unity (11.10 through current)

is added to the distribution to provide a user interface.</p>

<p>Ubuntu <a class="reference external" href="https://wiki.ubuntu.com/LTS">Long Term Support (LTS)</a> releases

are the recommended versions to use for deployments. LTS versions receive

five years of post-release updates from Canonical. Every two years, Canonical

creates a new LTS release, which allows for an easy upgrade path as well

as flexibility in skipping every other LTS release if necessary. As of

February 2014,

<a class="reference external" href="http://releases.ubuntu.com/precise/">12.04 Precise Pangolin</a>

is the latest Ubuntu LTS release.</p>

<h3>Ubuntu Python Packages</h3>

<p>There are several

<a class="reference external" href="https://help.ubuntu.com/12.04/serverguide/aptitude.html">Aptitude</a>

packages found on Linux servers running a Python stack. These include</p>

<li><a class="reference external" href="http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/python-dev">python-dev</a> for header

files and static library for Python</li>

<li><a class="reference external" href="http://packages.ubuntu.com/precise/python-virtualenv">python-virtualenv</a>

for creating and managing Python virtual environments

(<a class="reference external" href="http://www.virtualenv.org/en/latest/">virtualenvs</a>)</li>

</ul>

</div>

<h2>Red Hat and CentOS</h2>

<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.redhat.com/products/enterprise-linux/">Red Hat Enterprise Linux</a>

(RHEL) and <a class="reference external" href="http://www.centos.org/">Community ENTerprise Operating System</a>

(CentOS) are the same distribution. The only difference between the two

(other than the name) is that CentOS is an open source, liberally

licensed free derivative of RHEL.</p>

<p>RHEL and CentOS use a different package manager and command-line interface

from Debian-based Linux distributions: RPM Package Manager (RPM) and the

Yellowdog Updater, Modified (YUM). RPM has a specific .rpm file format

to handle the packaging and installation of libraries and applications. YUM

provides a command-line interface for interacting with the RPM system.</p>

</div>

<h2>Operating System Resources</h2>

<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.rackspace.com/knowledge_center/article/choosing-a-linux-distribution">Choosing a Linux Distribution</a></p>

<p><a class="reference external" href="http://plusbryan.com/my-first-5-minutes-on-a-server-or-essential-security-for-linux-servers">First 5 Minutes on a Server</a></p>

<p><a class="reference external" href="http://www.andrewault.net/2010/05/17/securing-an-ubuntu-server/">Securing an Ubuntu Server</a>

<a class="reference external" href="http://joshrendek.com/2013/01/securing-ubuntu/">Securing Ubuntu</a></p>

<p><a class="reference external" href="http://spenserj.com/blog/2013/07/15/securing-a-linux-server/">Securing a Linux Server</a></p>

<p><a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/marshyski/quick-secure">quick NIX secure script</a> for

securing Linux distributions.</p>

</div>

<br/>

Next read the

<a href="/web-servers.html">web servers</a> section.

</div>

<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item ">Introduction</a>

<a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item ">Servers</a>

<a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item active">Operating Systems</a>

<a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Servers</a>

<a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item ">Platform-as-a-service</a>

<a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item ">Databases</a>

<a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item ">WSGI Servers</a>

<a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Frameworks</a>

<a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item ">Task Queues</a>

<a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item ">Static Content</a>

<a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item ">Caching</a>

<a href="/web-browsers.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Browsers</a>

<a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Application Security</a>

<a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item ">Monitoring</a>

<a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item ">Web Analytics</a>

<a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item ">API Integration</a>

<a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item ">Source Control</a>

<a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item ">Configuration Management</a>

<a href="/dependency-management.html" class="list-group-item ">Application Dependencies</a>

<a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item ">NoSQL Data Stores</a>

<a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item ">About</a>

<a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item ">Change Log</a>

</div>

</div></div>

<hr/>

<a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a> 2014

</div>

</body>

</html>

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