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<!DOCTYPE html>

<title>JavaScript - Full Stack Python</title>

<!--[if lt IE 9]>

<![endif]-->

var _gaq = _gaq || [];

_gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-19910497-7']);

_gaq.push(['_trackPageview']);

(function() {

var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true;

ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js';

var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s);

})();

</script> </head>

<body>

</a>

<span class="logo-title"><a href="/">Full Stack Python</a></span>

</div>

</div> <div class="row">

<h1>JavaScript</h1>

<p>JavaScript is a small scripting programming language embedded in web browsers

to enable dynamic content and interaction. </p>

<h2>Why is JavaScript necessary?</h2>

<p>JavaScript executes in the client and enables dynamic content and interaction

that is not possible with HTML and CSS alone. Every modern Python web

application uses JavaScript on the front end. </p>

<h2>Front end frameworks</h2>

<p>Front end JavaScript frameworks move the rendering for most of a web

application to the client side. Often these applications are informally

referred to as "one page apps" because the webpage is not reloaded upon every

click to a new URL. Instead, partial HTML pages are loaded into the

document object model or data is retrieved through an API call then displayed

on the existing page.</p>

<p>Examples of these front end frameworks include:</p>

<ul>

<li>

<p><a href="https://angularjs.org/">Angular.js</a></p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://backbonejs.org/">Backbone.js</a></p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://emberjs.com/">Ember.js</a></p>

</li>

</ul>

<p>Front end frameworks are rapidly evolving. Over the next several years

consensus about good practices for using the frameworks will emerge.</p>

<h2>How did JavaScript originate?</h2>

<p>JavaScript is an implementation of

<a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Guide/JavaScript_Overview">the ECMAScript specification</a>

which is defined by the

<a href="http://www.ecma-international.org/default.htm">Ecma International Standards Body</a>.</p>

<h2>JavaScript resources</h2>

<ul>

<li>

<p><a href="http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/internals/howbrowserswork/">How Browsers Work</a>

is a great overview of both JavaScript and CSS as well as how pages are

rendered in a browser.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/A_re-introduction_to_JavaScript">A re-introduction to JavaScript</a>

by Mozilla walks through the basic syntax and operators.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2011/10/28/useful-coding-workflow-tools-for-web-designers-developers/">Coding tools and JavaScript libraries</a>

is a huge list by Smashing Magazine with explanations for each tool and

library for working with JavaScript.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://superherojs.com/">Superhero.js</a> is an incredibly well designed list

of resources for how to test, organize, understand and generally work with

JavaScript.</p>

</li>

<li>

<p><a href="http://www.unheap.com/">Unheap</a> is an amazing collection of reusable JQuery

plugins for everything from navigation to displaying media.</p>

</li>

</ul>

<h2>JavaScript learning checklist</h2>

Create a simple HTML file with basic elements in it. Use the

<code>python -m SimpleHTTPServer</code> command to serve it up. Create a

element at the end of the <code><body></code> section in the HTML page. Start playing

with JavaScript within that element to learn the basic syntax.</p>

Download <a href="http://jquery.com/">JQuery</a> and add it to the page above your

JavaScript element. Start working with JQuery and learning how it makes basic

JavaScript easier.</p>

Work with JavaScript on the page. Incorporate examples from open source

projects listed below as well as JQuery plugins. Check out the Unheap link

below to find a large collection of categorized JQuery plugins.</p>

Check out the JavaScript resources below to learn more about advanced concepts

and open source libraries.</p>

Integrate JavaScript into your web application and check the

<a href="/static-content.html">static content</a> section for how to host the JavaScript

files.</p>

<h3>Do you need to style your app or deploy it next?</h3>

How do I style my web application's user interface?

</p>

</div>

</a>

Where should I host static content such as my JavaScript files?

</p>

</div>

How do I save and version my code so it does not get lost?

</p>

</div>

What are application programming interfaces?

</p>

</div>

</div> <style type="text/css">

#mc_embed_signup{background:#fff; clear:left; font:12px "Helvetica Neue",Arial,sans-serif; }

/* Add your own MailChimp form style overrides in your site stylesheet or in this style block.

We recommend moving this block and the preceding CSS link to the HEAD of your HTML file. */

</style>

<hr/>

<h4>Interested in a complete Full Stack Python book with detailed tutorials and example code? Sign up here and you'll get an alert email if a book is created. No other emails will be sent other than sign up confirmation.</h4>

<label for="mce-EMAIL">Email Address</label>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</form>

</div>

var fnames = new Array();var ftypes = new Array();fnames[0]='EMAIL';ftypes[0]='email';fnames[1]='FNAME';ftypes[1]='text';fnames[2]='LNAME';ftypes[2]='text';

try {

var jqueryLoaded=jQuery;

jqueryLoaded=true;

} catch(err) {

var jqueryLoaded=false;

}

var head= document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];

if (!jqueryLoaded) {

var script = document.createElement('script');

script.type = 'text/javascript';

script.src = '//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.4.4/jquery.min.js';

head.appendChild(script);

if (script.readyState && script.onload!==null){

script.onreadystatechange= function () {

if (this.readyState == 'complete') mce_preload_check();

}

var err_style = '';

try{

err_style = mc_custom_error_style;

} catch(e){

err_style = '#mc_embed_signup input.mce_inline_error{border-color:#6B0505;} #mc_embed_signup div.mce_inline_error{margin: 0 0 1em 0; padding: 5px 10px; background-color:#6B0505; font-weight: bold; z-index: 1; color:#fff;}';

}

var head= document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0];

var style= document.createElement('style');

style.type= 'text/css';

if (style.styleSheet) {

style.styleSheet.cssText = err_style;

} else {

style.appendChild(document.createTextNode(err_style));

}

head.appendChild(style);

setTimeout('mce_preload_check();', 250);

var mce_preload_checks = 0;

function mce_preload_check(){

if (mce_preload_checks>40) return;

mce_preload_checks++;

try {

var jqueryLoaded=jQuery;

} catch(err) {

setTimeout('mce_preload_check();', 250);

return;

}

var script = document.createElement('script');

script.type = 'text/javascript';

script.src = 'http://downloads.mailchimp.com/js/jquery.form-n-validate.js';

head.appendChild(script);

try {

var validatorLoaded=jQuery("#fake-form").validate({});

} catch(err) {

setTimeout('mce_preload_check();', 250);

return;

}

mce_init_form();

}

function mce_init_form(){

jQuery(document).ready( function($) {

var options = { errorClass: 'mce_inline_error', errorElement: 'div', onkeyup: function(){}, onfocusout:function(){}, onblur:function(){} };

var mce_validator = $("#mc-embedded-subscribe-form").validate(options);

$("#mc-embedded-subscribe-form").unbind('submit');//remove the validator so we can get into beforeSubmit on the ajaxform, which then calls the validator

options = { url: 'http://mattmakai.us2.list-manage.com/subscribe/post-json?u=b7e774f0c4f05dcebbfee183d&id=b22335388d&c=?', type: 'GET', dataType: 'json', contentType: "application/json; charset=utf-8",

beforeSubmit: function(){

$('#mce_tmp_error_msg').remove();

$('.datefield','#mc_embed_signup').each(

function(){

var txt = 'filled';

var fields = new Array();

var i = 0;

$(':text', this).each(

function(){

fields[i] = this;

i++;

});

$(':hidden', this).each(

function(){

var bday = false;

if (fields.length == 2){

bday = true;

fields[2] = {'value':1970};//trick birthdays into having years

}

if ( fields[0].value=='MM' && fields[1].value=='DD' && (fields[2].value=='YYYY' || (bday && fields[2].value==1970) ) ){

this.value = '';

} else if ( fields[0].value=='' && fields[1].value=='' && (fields[2].value=='' || (bday && fields[2].value==1970) ) ){

this.value = '';

} else {

if (/\[day\]/.test(fields[0].name)){

this.value = fields[1].value+'/'+fields[0].value+'/'+fields[2].value;

} else {

this.value = fields[0].value+'/'+fields[1].value+'/'+fields[2].value;

}

});

$('.phonefield-us','#mc_embed_signup').each(

function(){

var fields = new Array();

var i = 0;

$(':text', this).each(

function(){

fields[i] = this;

i++;

});

$(':hidden', this).each(

function(){

if ( fields[0].value.length != 3 || fields[1].value.length!=3 || fields[2].value.length!=4 ){

this.value = '';

} else {

this.value = 'filled';

}

});

return mce_validator.form();

success: mce_success_cb

};

$('#mc-embedded-subscribe-form').ajaxForm(options);

});

}

function mce_success_cb(resp){

$('#mce-success-response').hide();

$('#mce-error-response').hide();

if (resp.result=="success"){

$('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').show();

$('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').html(resp.msg);

$('#mc-embedded-subscribe-form').each(function(){

this.reset();

});

} else {

var index = -1;

var msg;

try {

var parts = resp.msg.split(' - ',2);

if (parts[1]==undefined){

msg = resp.msg;

} else {

i = parseInt(parts[0]);

if (i.toString() == parts[0]){

index = parts[0];

msg = parts[1];

} else {

index = -1;

msg = resp.msg;

}

} catch(e){

index = -1;

msg = resp.msg;

}

try{

if (index== -1){

$('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').show();

$('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').html(msg);

} else {

err_id = 'mce_tmp_error_msg';

html = '<div id="'+err_id+'" style="'+err_style+'"> '+msg+'</div>';

var input_id = '#mc_embed_signup';

var f = $(input_id);

if (ftypes[index]=='address'){

input_id = '#mce-'+fnames[index]+'-addr1';

f = $(input_id).parent().parent().get(0);

} else if (ftypes[index]=='date'){

input_id = '#mce-'+fnames[index]+'-month';

f = $(input_id).parent().parent().get(0);

} else {

input_id = '#mce-'+fnames[index];

f = $().parent(input_id).get(0);

}

if (f){

$(f).append(html);

$(input_id).focus();

} else {

$('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').show();

$('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').html(msg);

}

} catch(e){

$('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').show();

$('#mce-'+resp.result+'-response').html(msg);

}

</script>

</div>

<div class="panel-heading"><h3 class="panel-head">JavaScript</h3></div>

<a href="/">Full Stack Python</a> is an open book that explains

each Python web application stack layer and provides the

best web resources for those topics.

<hr/>

There's a work-in-progress

<a href="/full-stack-python-map.pdf">subjects map (.pdf)</a>

that visually lays out each chapter in addition to the table of

contents found below.

<hr/>

Need more detailed tutorials and walkthroughs than what is

presented here?

<a href="/email.html">Sign up for an email alert when that content is created.</a>

<hr/>

<a href="http://twitter.com/mattmakai">Matt Makai</a> built

this site with assistance from community pull requests. On GitHub

you can <a href="https://github.com/makaimc">follow Matt</a>

to see the daily changes.

</div>

<h3 class="panel-head">Table of Contents</h3>

</div>

<a href="/introduction.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Introduction</a>

<a href="/web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Frameworks</a>

<a href="/django.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Django</a>

<a href="/flask.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Flask</a>

<a href="/bottle.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Bottle</a>

<a href="/other-web-frameworks.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Other Web Frameworks</a>

<a href="/deployment.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Deployment</a>

<a href="/servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Servers</a>

<a href="/platform-as-a-service.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Platform-as-a-service</a>

<a href="/operating-systems.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Operating Systems</a>

<a href="/web-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Servers</a>

<a href="/wsgi-servers.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">WSGI Servers</a>

<a href="/source-control.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Source Control</a>

<a href="/application-dependencies.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Application Dependencies</a>

<a href="/databases.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Databases</a>

<a href="/no-sql-datastore.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">NoSQL Data Stores</a>

<a href="/web-design.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Design</a>

<a href="/cascading-style-sheets.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Cascading Style Sheets</a>

<a href="/javascript.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item active">JavaScript</a>

<a href="/continuous-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Continuous Integration</a>

<a href="/code-metrics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Code Metrics</a>

<a href="/configuration-management.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Configuration Management</a>

<a href="/static-content.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Static Content</a>

<a href="/caching.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Caching</a>

<a href="/task-queues.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Task Queues</a>

<a href="/application-programming-interfaces.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Application Programming Interfaces</a>

<a href="/api-integration.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">API Integration</a>

<a href="/api-creation.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">API Creation</a>

<a href="/logging.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Logging</a>

<a href="/monitoring.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Monitoring</a>

<a href="/web-analytics.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Analytics</a>

<a href="/web-application-security.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Web Application Security</a>

<a href="/best-python-resources.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Best Python Resources</a>

<a href="/about-author.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">About the Author</a>

<a href="/change-log.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Change Log</a>

<a href="/future-directions.html" class="list-group-item smaller-item ">Future Directions</a>

</div>

</div></div>

<hr/>

<a href="http://www.mattmakai.com/" class="underline">Matt Makai</a>

2014

</div>

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a.src=document.location.protocol+"//dnn506yrbagrg.cloudfront.net/pages/scripts/0016/5846.js?"+Math.floor(new Date().getTime()/3600000);

a.async=true;a.type="text/javascript";b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b)}, 1);

</script></body>

</html>

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