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  1. 給開發者的 Web 技術文件
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  3. JavaScript 參考文件
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static

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since 2016年3月.

使用關鍵字 static 來定義一個靜態的方法（method）給類別（class），靜態方法在由類別所建立的物件實體（instance）上不能被呼叫，取而代之的是，靜態方法只能由類別本身呼叫。他們通常作為工具函式（utility functions）使用。像是建立物件或複製物件的函式。

In this article

語法

static methodName() { ... }

敘述

靜態方法不須實例化(instantiating)其類別即可被呼叫，但當類別被實例化(instantiating)後則靜態方法不能被呼叫。 靜態方法常被使用在建立應用程式的工具函式(utility functions)。

範例

下面的範例示範了許多東西。他示範了如何在一個可以有子類別的類別中實作一個靜態方法。最後示範了靜態方法在什麼情形下正確與錯誤的呼叫。

js
class Triple { static triple(n) { n = n || 1; //should not be a bitwise operation return n * 3; } } class BiggerTriple extends Triple { static triple(n) { return super.triple(n) * super.triple(n); } } console.log(Triple.triple()); // 3 console.log(Triple.triple(6)); // 18 console.log(BiggerTriple.triple(3)); // 81 var tp = new Triple(); console.log(tp.triple()); // 'tp.triple is not a function'.

規格

Specification
ECMAScript® 2027 Language Specification
# sec-class-definitions

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  1. JavaScript
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  3. JavaScript Guide
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  4. Intermediate
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  6. References
  7. Built-in objects
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    71. SyntaxError: nothing to repeat
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    77. SyntaxError: raw bracket is not allowed in regular expression with unicode flag
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    86. SyntaxError: Unexpected '#' used outside of class body
    87. SyntaxError: Unexpected token
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    91. SyntaxError: Using //@ to indicate sourceURL pragmas is deprecated. Use //# instead
    92. TypeError: 'caller', 'callee', and 'arguments' properties may not be accessed
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    96. TypeError: "x" is not a function
    97. TypeError: "x" is not a non-null object
    98. TypeError: "x" is read-only
    99. TypeError: already executing generator
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    108. TypeError: can't redefine non-configurable property "x"
    109. TypeError: can't set prototype of this object
    110. TypeError: can't set prototype: it would cause a prototype chain cycle
    111. TypeError: cannot use 'in' operator to search for 'x' in 'y'
    112. TypeError: class constructors must be invoked with 'new'
    113. TypeError: cyclic object value
    114. TypeError: derived class constructor returned invalid value x
    115. TypeError: getting private setter-only property
    116. TypeError: Initializing an object twice is an error with private fields/methods
    117. TypeError: invalid 'instanceof' operand 'x'
    118. TypeError: invalid Array.prototype.sort argument
    119. TypeError: invalid assignment to const "x"
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  14. Misc
    1. JavaScript technologies overview
    2. Execution model
    3. Lexical grammar
    4. Iteration protocols
    5. Strict mode
    6. Template literals
    7. Trailing commas
    8. Deprecated features

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