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RangeError: radix must be an integer

The JavaScript exception "radix must be an integer at least 2 and no greater than 36" occurs when the optional radix parameter of the Number.prototype.toString() or the BigInt.prototype.toString() method was specified and is not between 2 and 36.

In this article

Message

RangeError: toString() radix argument must be between 2 and 36 (V8-based & Safari) RangeError: radix must be an integer at least 2 and no greater than 36 (Firefox)

Error type

RangeError

What went wrong?

The optional radix parameter of the Number.prototype.toString() or the BigInt.prototype.toString() method was specified. Its value must be an integer (a number) between 2 and 36, specifying the base of the number system to be used for representing numeric values. For example, the decimal (base 10) number 169 is represented in hexadecimal (base 16) as A9.

Why is this parameter's value limited to 36? A radix that is larger than 10 uses alphabetical characters as digits; therefore, the radix can't be larger than 36, since the Latin alphabet (used by English and many other languages) only has 26 characters.

The most common radixes:

Examples

Invalid cases

js
(42).toString(0); (42).toString(1); (42).toString(37); (42).toString(150); // You cannot use a string like this for formatting: (12071989).toString("MM-dd-yyyy");

Valid cases

js
(42).toString(2); // "101010" (binary) (13).toString(8); // "15" (octal) (0x42).toString(10); // "66" (decimal) (100000).toString(16); // "186a0" (hexadecimal)

See also

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    11. RangeError: radix must be an integer
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    50. SyntaxError: invalid identity escape in regular expression
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    52. SyntaxError: invalid property name in regular expression
    53. SyntaxError: invalid range in character class
    54. SyntaxError: invalid regexp group
    55. SyntaxError: invalid regular expression flag "x"
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    58. SyntaxError: label not found
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    60. SyntaxError: missing ) after argument list
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    64. SyntaxError: missing } after property list
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    66. SyntaxError: missing formal parameter
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    70. SyntaxError: new keyword cannot be used with an optional chain
    71. SyntaxError: nothing to repeat
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    87. SyntaxError: Unexpected token
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    90. SyntaxError: use of super property/member accesses only valid within methods or eval code within methods
    91. SyntaxError: Using //@ to indicate sourceURL pragmas is deprecated. Use //# instead
    92. TypeError: 'caller', 'callee', and 'arguments' properties may not be accessed
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    107. TypeError: can't delete non-configurable array element
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    111. TypeError: cannot use 'in' operator to search for 'x' in 'y'
    112. TypeError: class constructors must be invoked with 'new'
    113. TypeError: cyclic object value
    114. TypeError: derived class constructor returned invalid value x
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  14. Misc
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