<input type="button"> HTML attribute value

Baseline Widely available

This feature is well established and works across many devices and browser versions. It’s been available across browsers since July 2015.

<input> elements of type button are rendered as push buttons, which can be programmed to control custom functionality anywhere on a webpage as required when assigned an event handler function (typically for the click event).

Try it

.styled {
  border: 0;
  line-height: 2.5;
  padding: 0 20px;
  font-size: 1rem;
  text-align: center;
  color: white;
  text-shadow: 1px 1px 1px black;
  border-radius: 10px;
  background-color: tomato;
  background-image: linear-gradient(
    to top left,
    rgb(0 0 0 / 20%),
    rgb(0 0 0 / 20%) 30%,
    transparent
  );
  box-shadow:
    inset 2px 2px 3px rgb(255 255 255 / 60%),
    inset -2px -2px 3px rgb(0 0 0 / 60%);
}

.styled:hover {
  background-color: red;
}

.styled:active {
  box-shadow:
    inset -2px -2px 3px rgb(255 255 255 / 60%),
    inset 2px 2px 3px rgb(0 0 0 / 60%);
}

Note: While <input> elements of type button are still perfectly valid HTML, the newer <button> element is now the favored way to create buttons. Given that a <button>'s label text is inserted between the opening and closing tags, you can include HTML in the label, even images.

Value

Button with a value

An <input type="button"> elements' value attribute contains a string that is used as the button's label. The value provides the accessible description for the button.

html

Button without a value

If you don't specify a value, you get an empty button:

html

Using buttons

<input type="button"> elements have no default behavior (their cousins, <input type="submit"> and <input type="reset"> are used to submit and reset forms, respectively). To make buttons do anything, you have to write JavaScript code to do the work.

A basic button

We'll begin by creating a basic button with a click event handler that starts our machine (well, it toggles the value of the button and the text content of the following paragraph):

html
<form>
  <input type="button" value="Start machine" />
</form>
<p>The machine is stopped.</p>

js
const button = document.querySelector("input");
const paragraph = document.querySelector("p");

button.addEventListener("click", updateButton);

function updateButton() {
  if (button.value === "Start machine") {
    button.value = "Stop machine";
    paragraph.textContent = "The machine has started!";
  } else {
    button.value = "Start machine";
    paragraph.textContent = "The machine is stopped.";
  }
}

The script gets a reference to the HTMLInputElement object representing the <input> in the DOM, saving this reference in the variable button. addEventListener() is then used to establish a function that will be run when click events occur on the button.

Adding keyboard shortcuts to buttons

Keyboard shortcuts, also known as access keys and keyboard equivalents, let the user trigger a button using a key or combination of keys on the keyboard. To add a keyboard shortcut to a button — just as you would with any <input> for which it makes sense — you use the accesskey global attribute.

In this example, s is specified as the access key (you'll need to press s plus the particular modifier keys for your browser/OS combination; see accesskey for a useful list of those).

html
<form>
  <input type="button" value="Start machine" accesskey="s" />
</form>
<p>The machine is stopped.</p>

const button = document.querySelector("input");
const paragraph = document.querySelector("p");

button.addEventListener("click", updateButton);

function updateButton() {
  if (button.value === "Start machine") {
    button.value = "Stop machine";
    paragraph.textContent = "The machine has started!";
  } else {
    button.value = "Start machine";
    paragraph.textContent = "The machine is stopped.";
  }
}

Note: The problem with the above example of course is that the user will not know what the access key is! In a real site, you'd have to provide this information in a way that doesn't interfere with the site design (for example by providing an easily accessible link that points to information on what the site access keys are).

Disabling and enabling a button

To disable a button, specify the disabled global attribute on it, like so:

html

Setting the disabled attribute

You can enable and disable buttons at run time by setting disabled to true or false. In this example our button starts off enabled, but if you press it, it is disabled using button.disabled = true. A setTimeout() function is then used to reset the button back to its enabled state after two seconds.

html

js
const button = document.querySelector("input");

button.addEventListener("click", disableButton);

function disableButton() {
  button.disabled = true;
  button.value = "Disabled";
  setTimeout(() => {
    button.disabled = false;
    button.value = "Enabled";
  }, 2000);
}

Inheriting the disabled state

If the disabled attribute isn't specified, the button inherits its disabled state from its parent element. This makes it possible to enable and disable groups of elements all at once by enclosing them in a container such as a <fieldset> element, and then setting disabled on the container.

The example below shows this in action. This is very similar to the previous example, except that the disabled attribute is set on the <fieldset> when the first button is pressed — this causes all three buttons to be disabled until the two second timeout has passed.

html
<fieldset>
  <legend>Button group</legend>
  <input type="button" value="Button 1" />
  <input type="button" value="Button 2" />
  <input type="button" value="Button 3" />
</fieldset>

js
const button = document.querySelector("input");
const fieldset = document.querySelector("fieldset");

button.addEventListener("click", disableButton);

function disableButton() {
  fieldset.disabled = true;
  setTimeout(() => {
    fieldset.disabled = false;
  }, 2000);
}

Note: Unlike other browsers, Firefox persists the disabled state of an <input> element even after the page is reloaded. As a workaround, set the <input> element's autocomplete attribute to off. (See Firefox bug 654072 for more details.)

Validation

Buttons don't participate in constraint validation; they have no real value to be constrained.

Examples

The below example shows a very basic drawing app created using a <canvas> element and some CSS and JavaScript (we'll hide the CSS for brevity). The top two controls allow you to choose the color and size of the drawing pen. The button, when clicked, invokes a function that clears the canvas.

html
<div class="toolbar">
  <input type="color" aria-label="select pen color" />
  <input
    type="range"
    min="2"
    max="50"
    value="30"
    aria-label="select pen size" /><span class="output">30</span>
  <input type="button" value="Clear canvas" />
</div>

<canvas class="myCanvas">
  <p>Add suitable fallback here.</p>
</canvas>

body {
  background: #cccccc;
  margin: 0;
  overflow: hidden;
}

.toolbar {
  background: #cccccc;
  width: 150px;
  height: 75px;
  padding: 5px;
}

input[type="color"],
input[type="button"] {
  width: 90%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: block;
}

input[type="range"] {
  width: 70%;
}

span {
  position: relative;
  bottom: 5px;
}

js
const canvas = document.querySelector(".myCanvas");
const width = (canvas.width = window.innerWidth);
const height = (canvas.height = window.innerHeight - 85);
const ctx = canvas.getContext("2d");

ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(0 0 0)";
ctx.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);

const colorPicker = document.querySelector('input[type="color"]');
const sizePicker = document.querySelector('input[type="range"]');
const output = document.querySelector(".output");
const clearBtn = document.querySelector('input[type="button"]');

// covert degrees to radians
function degToRad(degrees) {
  return (degrees * Math.PI) / 180;
}

// update size picker output value

sizePicker.oninput = () => {
  output.textContent = sizePicker.value;
};

// store mouse pointer coordinates, and whether the button is pressed
let curX;
let curY;
let pressed = false;

// update mouse pointer coordinates
document.onmousemove = (e) => {
  curX = e.pageX;
  curY = e.pageY;
};

canvas.onmousedown = () => {
  pressed = true;
};

canvas.onmouseup = () => {
  pressed = false;
};

clearBtn.onclick = () => {
  ctx.fillStyle = "rgb(0 0 0)";
  ctx.fillRect(0, 0, width, height);
};

function draw() {
  if (pressed) {
    ctx.fillStyle = colorPicker.value;
    ctx.beginPath();
    ctx.arc(
      curX,
      curY - 85,
      sizePicker.value,
      degToRad(0),
      degToRad(360),
      false,
    );
    ctx.fill();
  }

  requestAnimationFrame(draw);
}

draw();

Technical summary

Value	A string used as the button's label
Events	click
Supported common attributes	type and value
IDL attributes	value
DOM interface	HTMLInputElement
Methods	None
Implicit ARIA Role	button